diff --git a/doc/api/sqlite.md b/doc/api/sqlite.md
index 40ec877ddde..602a9780373 100644
--- a/doc/api/sqlite.md
+++ b/doc/api/sqlite.md
@@ -613,8 +613,10 @@ added:
 Loads a serialized database into this connection, replacing the current
 database. The deserialized database is writable. Existing prepared statements
 are finalized before deserialization is attempted, even if the operation
-subsequently fails. This method is a wrapper around
-[`sqlite3_deserialize()`][].
+subsequently fails. An \[`ERR_INVALID_STATE`]\[] error is thrown if the method is
+called while a statement is executing, for example from a user-defined function,
+an aggregate function, or an authorizer callback. This method is a wrapper
+around [`sqlite3_deserialize()`][].
 
 ```mjs
 import { DatabaseSync } from 'node:sqlite';
diff --git a/src/node_sqlite.cc b/src/node_sqlite.cc
index 1272deb42f1..490ab90679a 100644
--- a/src/node_sqlite.cc
+++ b/src/node_sqlite.cc
@@ -1849,6 +1849,10 @@ void DatabaseSync::Deserialize(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&db, args.This());
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
   THROW_AND_RETURN_ON_BAD_STATE(env, !db->IsOpen(), "database is not open");
+  THROW_AND_RETURN_ON_BAD_STATE(
+      env,
+      db->IsInCallback(),
+      "database cannot be deserialized while in a callback");
 
   if (!args[0]->IsUint8Array()) {
     THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(env->isolate(),
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-sqlite-serialize.js b/test/parallel/test-sqlite-serialize.js
index 77b9d9c5f48..e54cfa3c6a7 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-sqlite-serialize.js
+++ b/test/parallel/test-sqlite-serialize.js
@@ -190,6 +190,23 @@ suite('DatabaseSync.prototype.deserialize()', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  test('throws if called while in a callback', (t) => {
+    const source = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
+    const serialized = source.serialize();
+    source.close();
+
+    const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
+    t.after(() => db.close());
+    db.function('deserialize_database', () => db.deserialize(serialized));
+    const stmt = db.prepare('SELECT deserialize_database()');
+
+    t.assert.throws(() => stmt.get(), {
+      code: 'ERR_INVALID_STATE',
+      message: 'database cannot be deserialized while in a callback',
+    });
+    t.assert.strictEqual(db.isOpen, true);
+  });
+
   test('throws if buffer argument is not a Uint8Array', (t) => {
     const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
     t.assert.throws(() => {