diff --git a/deps/uv/src/unix/core.c b/deps/uv/src/unix/core.c
index 73027cbc52ab..9ce977e425c2 100644
--- a/deps/uv/src/unix/core.c
+++ b/deps/uv/src/unix/core.c
@@ -1090,7 +1090,23 @@ void uv__io_poll_check(uv_loop_t* loop, sigset_t* pset) {
 }
 
 int uv__fd_exists(uv_loop_t* loop, int fd) {
-  return (unsigned) fd < loop->nwatchers && loop->watchers[fd] != NULL;
+  if ((unsigned) fd < loop->nwatchers && loop->watchers[fd] != NULL)
+    return 1;
+
+  /* Also treat the loop's private fds as in-use. Their write ends are not
+   * registered in watchers[] but adopting them via uv_*_open() corrupts the
+   * loop and can abort later in uv__io_poll().
+   */
+  if (fd != -1 && loop->backend_fd == fd)
+    return 1;
+  if (fd != -1 &&
+      (loop->signal_pipefd[0] == fd || loop->signal_pipefd[1] == fd))
+    return 1;
+  if (fd != -1 &&
+      (loop->async_io_watcher.fd == fd || loop->async_wfd == fd))
+    return 1;
+
+  return 0;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/deps/uv/src/unix/linux.c b/deps/uv/src/unix/linux.c
index 110964884ddc..4fcb3ec4beca 100644
--- a/deps/uv/src/unix/linux.c
+++ b/deps/uv/src/unix/linux.c
@@ -1331,6 +1331,13 @@ static void uv__epoll_ctl_flush(int epollfd,
     if (op != EPOLL_CTL_ADD)
       abort();
 
+    /* EEXIST: already watched — retry as MOD.
+     * EBADF/ENOENT/EPERM: fd was closed or is not epoll-able between
+     * uv__io_start() and here. Ignore rather than abort the process.
+     */
+    if (cqe->res == -EBADF || cqe->res == -ENOENT || cqe->res == -EPERM)
+      continue;
+
     if (cqe->res != -EEXIST)
       abort();
 
@@ -1423,12 +1430,35 @@ void uv__io_poll(uv_loop_t* loop, int timeout) {
     if (!epoll_ctl(epollfd, op, fd, &e))
       continue;
 
+    /* fd may have been closed after uv__io_start() queued this update.
+     * That is a recoverable application mistake; do not abort the process.
+     */
+    if (errno == EBADF || errno == ENOENT || errno == EPERM) {
+      w->events = 0;
+      if ((unsigned) fd < loop->nwatchers && loop->watchers[fd] == w) {
+        loop->watchers[fd] = NULL;
+        assert(loop->nfds > 0);
+        loop->nfds--;
+      }
+      continue;
+    }
+
     assert(op == EPOLL_CTL_ADD);
     assert(errno == EEXIST);
 
     /* File descriptor that's been watched before, update event mask. */
-    if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, &e))
+    if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, &e)) {
+      if (errno == EBADF || errno == ENOENT || errno == EPERM) {
+        w->events = 0;
+        if ((unsigned) fd < loop->nwatchers && loop->watchers[fd] == w) {
+          loop->watchers[fd] = NULL;
+          assert(loop->nfds > 0);
+          loop->nfds--;
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
       abort();
+    }
   }
 
   inv.events = events;
diff --git a/lib/net.js b/lib/net.js
index 445a7d59f8cb..9241bf885da2 100644
--- a/lib/net.js
+++ b/lib/net.js
@@ -156,6 +156,7 @@ const { getOptionValue } = require('internal/options');
 // Lazy loaded to improve startup performance.
 let cluster;
 let dns;
+let fs;
 let BlockList;
 let SocketAddress;
 let netPromises;
@@ -198,6 +199,15 @@ function getFlags(options) {
 
 function createHandle(fd, is_server) {
   validateInt32(fd, 'fd', 0);
+  // Validate the descriptor is open before handing it to libuv. An invalid fd
+  // must become a JS exception (not a process abort inside uv__io_poll when a
+  // later write races with close). See https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/63308.
+  fs ??= require('fs');
+  try {
+    fs.fstatSync(fd);
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw new ErrnoException(err.errno, 'fstat');
+  }
   const type = guessHandleType(fd);
   if (type === 'PIPE') {
     return new Pipe(
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-net-socket-invalid-fd.js b/test/parallel/test-net-socket-invalid-fd.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aa565933bd59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/parallel/test-net-socket-invalid-fd.js
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+'use strict';
+
+const common = require('../common');
+const assert = require('assert');
+const net = require('net');
+
+// Invalid fds must throw a JS exception from the Socket constructor rather than
+// aborting the process inside libuv (see https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/63308).
+
+assert.throws(
+  () => new net.Socket({ fd: -1 }),
+  {
+    code: 'ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE',
+    name: 'RangeError',
+  }
+);
+
+common.runWithInvalidFD((fd) => {
+  assert.throws(
+    () => {
+      new net.Socket({
+        fd,
+        readable: false,
+        writable: true,
+      });
+    },
+    {
+      code: 'EBADF',
+      syscall: 'fstat',
+    }
+  );
+});
+
+// Wrapping arbitrary existing fds is unsupported on Windows.
+if (common.isWindows)
+  return;
+
+// Iterating arbitrary fds must not abort the process. Unsupported fds throw;
+// in-use libuv fds return EEXIST from open; others may open and emit errors.
+{
+  let fd = 3;
+  while (fd < 64) {
+    try {
+      const stream = new net.Socket({
+        fd,
+        readable: false,
+        writable: true,
+      });
+      stream.on('error', () => {});
+      stream.write('might crash');
+      stream.destroy();
+    } catch {
+      // Expected for unsupported / invalid / already-watched descriptors.
+    }
+    fd += 1;
+  }
+}
+
+setImmediate(common.mustCall(() => {
+  // If libuv aborted, we never reach here.
+}));