diff --git a/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_serialize.py b/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_serialize.py
index 96f944560a8..beb7700bcc9 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_serialize.py
+++ b/backends/vulkan/serialization/vulkan_graph_serialize.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import importlib.resources as _resources
 import json
 import os
+import re
 import tempfile
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import ClassVar, List
@@ -27,8 +28,64 @@
 from executorch.exir._serialize._flatbuffer import _flatc_compile, _flatc_decompile
 
 
+# flatc's JSON dialect spells the non-finite floats "inf" / "-inf"; Python's
+# json module spells them "Infinity" / "-Infinity" and rejects flatc's spelling.
+# Neither side has a spelling the other accepts, so both directions are
+# translated below. A graph carries a non-finite scalar whenever the model
+# does -- the -inf fill value of a transformer attention mask is the common
+# case -- and without this the failure surfaces as a flatc byte offset into a
+# temporary file rather than anything pointing at the graph.
+_JSON_STRING_RE = re.compile(r'"(?:[^"\\]|\\.)*"')
+_FLATC_INF_RE = re.compile(r"(?<![\w.])(-?)inf(?![\w.])")
+
+
+class _VkGraphEncoder(_DataclassEncoder):
+    """Emit non-finite floats using flatc's spelling instead of Python's.
+
+    flatc has no spelling at all for NaN, so that case is reported directly
+    rather than emitting JSON that flatc cannot read.
+    """
+
+    def iterencode(self, o, _one_shot=False):
+        # Force the pure-Python encoder: the C encoder emits containers as
+        # single pre-joined chunks, so the float tokens could not be
+        # substituted here.
+        for chunk in super().iterencode(o, _one_shot=False):
+            if chunk == "Infinity":
+                yield "inf"
+            elif chunk == "-Infinity":
+                yield "-inf"
+            elif chunk == "NaN":
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Cannot serialize a NaN float value into a Vulkan graph: "
+                    "the FlatBuffers JSON format has no spelling for NaN."
+                )
+            else:
+                yield chunk
+
+
+def _flatc_json_to_python_json(text: str) -> str:
+    """Rewrite flatc's bare ``inf`` / ``-inf`` tokens so json.load accepts them.
+
+    String literals are copied through untouched so that a shader or key name
+    containing "inf" is never rewritten.
+    """
+
+    def sub(segment: str) -> str:
+        return _FLATC_INF_RE.sub(lambda m: m.group(1) + "Infinity", segment)
+
+    out = []
+    last = 0
+    for m in _JSON_STRING_RE.finditer(text):
+        out.append(sub(text[last : m.start()]))
+        out.append(m.group(0))
+        last = m.end()
+    out.append(sub(text[last:]))
+    return "".join(out)
+
+
 def convert_to_flatbuffer(vk_graph: VkGraph) -> bytes:
-    vk_graph_json = json.dumps(vk_graph, cls=_DataclassEncoder)
+    vk_graph_json = json.dumps(vk_graph, cls=_VkGraphEncoder)
 
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as d:
         schema_path = os.path.join(d, "schema.fbs")
@@ -63,7 +120,8 @@ def flatbuffer_to_vk_graph(flatbuffers: bytes) -> VkGraph:
 
         json_path = os.path.join(d, "schema.json")
         with open(json_path, "rb") as output_file:
-            return _json_to_dataclass(json.load(output_file), VkGraph)
+            raw = output_file.read().decode("utf-8")
+        return _json_to_dataclass(json.loads(_flatc_json_to_python_json(raw)), VkGraph)
 
 
 def extract_vk_flatbuffer(data: bytes) -> bytes:
diff --git a/backends/vulkan/test/test_serialization.py b/backends/vulkan/test/test_serialization.py
index 71a6980635a..7cf776c536b 100644
--- a/backends/vulkan/test/test_serialization.py
+++ b/backends/vulkan/test/test_serialization.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 )
 
 from executorch.backends.vulkan.serialization.vulkan_graph_schema import (
+    Double,
     IntList,
     OperatorCall,
     String,
@@ -269,3 +270,59 @@ def test_serialize_deserialize_vkgraph(self) -> None:
         out_vk_graph = flatbuffer_to_vk_graph(bs)
 
         self.assertEqual(in_vk_graph, out_vk_graph)
+
+    def test_serialize_deserialize_non_finite_floats(self) -> None:
+        # flatc's JSON dialect spells the infinities "inf" / "-inf" while
+        # Python's json module spells them "Infinity" / "-Infinity" and rejects
+        # flatc's spelling, so both directions need translating. A graph picks
+        # up a non-finite scalar whenever the model has one -- the -inf fill
+        # value of a transformer attention mask being the usual source.
+        in_vk_graph = VkGraph(
+            version="1",
+            chain=[],
+            values=[
+                VkValue(value=Double(double_val=float("-inf"))),
+                VkValue(value=Double(double_val=float("inf"))),
+                VkValue(value=Double(double_val=1.5)),
+            ],
+            input_ids=[],
+            output_ids=[],
+            constants=[],
+            shaders=[],
+        )
+
+        out_vk_graph = flatbuffer_to_vk_graph(convert_to_flatbuffer(in_vk_graph))
+
+        self.assertEqual(in_vk_graph, out_vk_graph)
+
+    def test_serialize_nan_float_raises(self) -> None:
+        # FlatBuffers JSON has no spelling for NaN at all, so report it rather
+        # than emitting JSON that flatc cannot parse.
+        vk_graph = VkGraph(
+            version="1",
+            chain=[],
+            values=[VkValue(value=Double(double_val=float("nan")))],
+            input_ids=[],
+            output_ids=[],
+            constants=[],
+            shaders=[],
+        )
+
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "NaN"):
+            convert_to_flatbuffer(vk_graph)
+
+    def test_deserialize_leaves_inf_inside_strings_alone(self) -> None:
+        # The inf-token rewrite must not reach into string literals.
+        in_vk_graph = VkGraph(
+            version="1",
+            chain=[OperatorCall(node_id=1, name="inf_shader", args=[])],
+            values=[VkValue(value=String(string_val="value: inf, -inf"))],
+            input_ids=[],
+            output_ids=[],
+            constants=[],
+            shaders=[],
+        )
+
+        out_vk_graph = flatbuffer_to_vk_graph(convert_to_flatbuffer(in_vk_graph))
+
+        self.assertEqual(in_vk_graph, out_vk_graph)