sqlite: reject reentry while binding parameters

[TrevorBurnham]

Follow-up for #65156. That PR added tracking for the statements currently being stepped and rejects reentry into them. The guard is established inside the execution helpers, though, which the entry points reach only after resetting the statement and binding its parameters.

Binding reads properties off the supplied object, so a named-parameter getter runs JavaScript in that window. On current main:

const { DatabaseSync } = require('node:sqlite');
const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
db.exec('CREATE TABLE data (value INTEGER); INSERT INTO data VALUES (1),(2),(3);');
const st = db.prepare('SELECT value FROM data WHERE value >= $min');

let inner;
const params = { get $min() { inner ??= st.iterate({ $min: 1 }); return 1; } };

const outer = st.iterate(params);
console.log(outer.next(), inner.next(), outer.next(), inner.next());

{ done: false, value: { value: 1 } }   // outer
{ done: false, value: { value: 2 } }   // inner
{ done: false, value: { value: 3 } }   // outer
{ done: true,  value: null }           // inner

Two live iterators over one virtual machine. The reset-generation check does not catch it because the inner iterate() bumps the generation before the outer iterator is constructed, so both record the same value and neither is invalidated.

This PR hoists the guard to the four StatementSync entry points, before the reset, so it spans binding as well as stepping. The guards inside the helpers are left alone; stepping_statements_ is a stack, so the nested acquisition is balanced. It also adds test cases salvaged from #65106, which was superseded by #65156.

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/sqlite

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.30%. Comparing base (c8996ea) to head (58b955d).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #65294      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   90.33%   90.30%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         751      751              
  Lines      250048   250239     +191     
  Branches    47254    47300      +46     
==========================================
+ Hits       225877   225990     +113     
- Misses      15553    15620      +67     
- Partials     8618     8629      +11     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_sqlite.cc	82.20% <100.00%> (-0.05%)	⬇️

... and 39 files with indirect coverage changes

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